Неблагоприятный детский опыт как фактор нарушения психологической саморегуляции у взрослых

Annotation

Adverse childhood experiences are viewed as a cumulative risk factor associated with long-term changes in emotion regulation and self-regulation. The study examined associations between adverse childhood experiences and alexithymia as well as world assumptions in adults. The total ACE score was used to assess adverse childhood experiences; alexithymia was measured with TAS–20; world assumptions were assessed with WAS; trauma profile was additionally evaluated with O. V. Zashchirinskaia’s inventory. The sample included 101 adults (19–51 years). Spearman’s rank correlations were applied. Higher ACE scores were associated with greater difficulties identifying feelings and higher overall alexithymia, and with lower self-worth and perceived controllability of the situation. The findings specify a self-regulatory vulnerability profile linked to adverse childhood experiences and can inform psychological prevention and intervention targets.

Keywords

adverse childhood experiences, alexithymia, self-worth, world assumptions, psychological self-regulation, ACE, TAS–20, WAS.

Literature

Zashchirinskaia, O. V. (2018). Metodika “Vidy psikhicheskikh travm”: psikhometricheskie kharakteristiki i vozmozhnosti primeneniya [Methods “Types of psychological trauma”: psychometric characteristics and application possibilities]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psikhologiya, 8(3), 245–258.

Zashchirinskaia, O. V. (2021). Psikhicheskie travmy v mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniyakh [Psychological trauma in interpersonal relationships]. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State University Press.

Zashchirinskaia, O. V., & Kotova, S. A. (2020). Osobennosti stanovleniya mezhlichnostnoy tolerantnosti mladshikh shkol'nikov [Features of the formation of interpersonal tolerance in primary schoolchildren]. In Aktual'nye voprosy izucheniya travmaticheskogo stressa i psikhotravmy v sotsial'noy i obrazovatel'noy srede (pp. 129–141). Saint Petersburg: Sofiya.

Kravtsova, O. A. (2014). Adaptatsiya shkaly bazisnykh ubezhdeniy R. Yanoff-Bul'man na russkoyazychnoy vyborke [Adaptation of R. Janoff-Bulman's World Assumptions Scale in a Russian-speaking sample]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal, 35(2), 82–91.

Starostina, E. G., Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Bobrov, A. E., & Parker, J. D. A. (2010). Toronto aleksitimicheskaya shkala (20 punktov): validatsiya russkoyazychnoy versii na vyborke terapevticheskikh bol'nykh [Toronto Alexithymia Scale (20 items): validation of the Russian version in a clinical sample]. Sotsial'naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya, 20(4), 31–38.

Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23–32.

Barry, T. J., Hallford, D. J., & Takano, K. (2018). Autobiographical memory impairments as a transdiagnostic feature of mental illness: A meta-analytic review of investigations into autobiographical memory specificity and overgenerality. Clinical Psychology Review, 61, 98–111.

Brewin, C. R. (2015). Re-experiencing traumatic events in PTSD: New avenues in research on intrusive memories and flashbacks. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 27180.

Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T., & Joseph, S. (1996). A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Review, 103(4), 670–686.

Chan, K. L., Lo, C. K. M., Ho, F. K., & Ip, P. (2024). Childhood adversity and default mode network alterations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 158, 105542.

Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2018). The International Trauma Questionnaire: Development of a self-report measure of ICD–11 PTSD and complex PTSD. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 138(6), 536–546.

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345.

Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. ., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258.

Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York, NY: Free Press.

Koch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016). Aberrant resting-state brain activity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Depression and Anxiety, 33(7), 592–605.

Madigan, S., Deneault, A. A., Racine, N., Park, J., Thiemann, R., Zhu, J., Dimitropoulos, G., Williamson, T., Fearon, R. M. P., Cénat, J. M., McDonald, S., Devereux, C., & Neville, R. D. (2023). Adverse childhood experiences: A meta-analysis of prevalence and moderators among half a million adults in 206 studies. World Psychiatry, 22(3), 463–471.

McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019). Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 277–312.

Ono, M., Devilly, G. J., & Shum, D. H. K. (2016). A meta-analytic review of overgeneral memory: The role of trauma history, mood, and the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(2), 157–164.

Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016). Annual research review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(3), 241–266.

Thome, J., Terpou, B. A., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2020). The neural correlates of trauma-related autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 37(4), 321–345.

Yehuda, R., Hoge, C. W., McFarlane, A. C., Vermetten, E., Lanius, R. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Hobfoll, S. E., Koenen, K. C., Neylan, T. C., & Hyman, S. E. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1, 15057.